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USG
Ultrasound, also referred to as ultrasonography or USG, constitutes a non-invasive medical imaging method that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to generate dynamic images of internal body structures. This adaptable diagnostic technology is frequently utilized for visualizing organs, tissues, and blood flow, contributing to the identification and tracking of diverse medical conditions. USG finds extensive application in obstetrics for fetal imaging and in evaluating abdominal, pelvic, cardiac, and musculoskeletal structures. It furnishes valuable insights without subjecting individuals to radiation, providing a secure and efficient approach for acquiring diagnostic information across various medical disciplines.
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What is a USG test?
An ultrasound is a medical imaging test. It uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of organs, tissues, and other structures inside the body. It is a non-invasive procedure that helps doctors visualize and diagnose various conditions without surgery. The images produced are called sonograms.
Other names of USG scan:
-Ultrasound -Ultrasonography -Sonography -Diagnostic ultrasound imaging -Ultrasound imaging -pregnancy sonography
Significance of the USG test:
Use to monitor the health and development of an unborn baby during pregnancy. - Useful in guiding certain biopsy procedures. - Helps diagnose gallbladder disease - It can help assess the thyroid gland for abnormalities, including nodules or enlargement. - Helps visualize breast tissues and can assist in identifying breast abnormalities, like cysts or solid masses.
How does a USG scan work?
A healthcare professional called a sonographer uses a wand-like device called a transducer, which emits high-pitched sound waves. The transducer is moved gently over the skin. A special gel is applied to help transmit the sound waves and ensure good contact between the skin and the transducer. The applied gel also helps reduce air pockets that can interfere with sound wave transmission. The transducer emits high-frequency sound waves into the body, which then bounce back from different tissues and structures. The emitted sound waves are captured by the wand (transducer) and converted into electrical signals. A computer then processes the collected signals to create real-time images that are displayed on a monitor.
Types of USG:
Transesophageal echocardiogram: Uses a transducer inserted into the esophagus to obtain heart images (usually done under sedation). - Transrectal ultrasound: Creates images of the prostate by placing a transducer into the rectum. - Transvaginal ultrasound: In this transducer is gently inserted into the vagina to examine the uterus and ovaries.
Preparation for a USG:
Preparation depends on the body part being examined and will be communicated by your healthcare provider. - Some ultrasounds may require no preparation, while others may involve fasting or drinking water to have a full bladder.
Benefits and risks of USG scan:
Benefits of USG: - Non-invasive: USG does not involve any incisions or radiation exposure, making it a safe imaging option. - Real-time imaging: USG provides real-time images, which help doctors to observe and evaluate structures and functions of the internal organs. - Versatile: USG can be used to examine various parts of the body, making it a valuable diagnostic tool in different medical fields. - Safe for most individuals: USG uses sound waves and not radiation to examine the organs. Therefore, it is generally safe for people of all ages, including infants, and pregnant women. Risks and limitations: No known significant risks associated with ultrasound imaging. However, like all other medical procedures, USG has a few limitations. The test may not provide detailed images of certain structures, like those located deep within the body or obscured by bone. In such cases, other imaging modalities like MRI or CT scans may be more appropriate.
What to expect during USG test?
A sonographer will apply a special gel on the skin over the area that needs to be examined. - The transducer will be gently moved over the skin to capture the images. - The exam typically takes around 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the test and the body part being examined.
What to expect after USG?
After the exam, the sonographer will wipe off the gel from your skin. - There are usually no special restrictions or after-effects, and you can resume your normal activities.